This study explores how government policy and transformational leadership jointly influence digital transformation in Somalia’s public sector, a context characterized by post-conflict fragility and limited institutional capacity. Employing a cross-sectional design and structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS, the research assessed responses from 326 public officials across federal ministries and departments. The findings indicate that both coherent government policies and effective transformational leadership significantly contribute to digital transformation outcomes. With a high explanatory power (R2 = 0.84), the study demonstrates that policy and leadership are not only complementary but also critical enablers for successful digital reform in resource-constrained environments. These insights offer essential guidance for governance reform efforts, highlighting the need for institutional alignment, leadership development, and strategic policy design to support digital public sector innovation.