While hydrogen fuel cell technology continues to advance within large-scale economies equipped with substantial resources and infrastructure, its adoption in smaller states remains limited due to economic constraints, insufficient technical expertise, coordination mechanisms, and the lack of supportive policy environments. This study applies the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework to: identify the technological, organisational, and environmental enablers and barriers to hydrogen fuel cell implementation in small states; to evaluate how small and medium enterprises perceive and interpret the green incentives from government; and to develop actionable insights for aligning energy policy, industrial capabilities, and innovation strategies toward hydrogen integration. Quantitative analyses of cost structures, fuel efficiency, subsidies, and infrastructure investments are combined with qualitative content and thematic analyses of policy documents and regulatory frameworks. Key enablers, barriers, and actionable policy recommendations based on Fuzzy Multi-Objective Decision Making a model for aligning energy, industrial, and innovation strategies is synthesised, recognising that European Union common policy alone is insufficient, while effective adoption of local policies is based on state-specific considerations. By focusing on the unique challenges faced by small states, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how systemic alignment can facilitate clean technology transitions through the TOE lens.