Laminated composites are extensively used in aerospace applications due to their tailorable mechanical properties, high chemical resistance, and low weight. This chapter presents an overview of their significance in contemporary aircraft structures. It presents the diverse aircraft components made from these materials and discusses how key performance criteria, such as strength, weight efficiency, and long-term durability, guide material selection and structural design. The chapter also reviews the main manufacturing techniques used for producing laminated composites, outlining both their benefits and limitations. Furthermore, it addresses the primary challenges encountered during production and in-service use, including difficulties in damage detection, repair complexity, and sensitivity to environmental factors.