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The continuous improvement of manufacturing system performance is a significant and essential challenge in a highly competitive market environment. In this context, approaches such as the Theory of Constraints (TOC) and Lean Manufacturing have been widely explored to make manufacturing systems more efficient and competitive. On one hand, the Theory of Constraints focuses on identifying and managing the constraints that limit system performance. On the other hand, Lean Manufacturing aims to eliminate waste and improve efficiency in production processes. The literature highlights ways to combine TOC and Lean Manufacturing, suggesting various benefits of their synergy. However, a lack of studies critically analyzes the set of integration proposals, their contributions, and their limitations. Additionally, research is needed to identify these proposals’ consensus, dissents, and complementarities. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the integration models of the Theory of Constraints and Lean Manufacturing through the Literature Grounded Theory (LGT) approach. The contributions include comparing the integration models, identifying the results achieved, and proposing an integrative model. Another contribution is suggesting activities to implement TOC and Lean Manufacturing synergistically.

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Lean, TOC, What Comes First? an Analysis Through Literature Grounded Theory

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Bruna Tolino Chaves,
  • Lucio Cantarelli Noal,
  • Rafael Garcia Barbastefano,
  • Maria Isabel Wolf Motta Morandi,
  • Daniel Pacheco Lacerda

摘要

The continuous improvement of manufacturing system performance is a significant and essential challenge in a highly competitive market environment. In this context, approaches such as the Theory of Constraints (TOC) and Lean Manufacturing have been widely explored to make manufacturing systems more efficient and competitive. On one hand, the Theory of Constraints focuses on identifying and managing the constraints that limit system performance. On the other hand, Lean Manufacturing aims to eliminate waste and improve efficiency in production processes. The literature highlights ways to combine TOC and Lean Manufacturing, suggesting various benefits of their synergy. However, a lack of studies critically analyzes the set of integration proposals, their contributions, and their limitations. Additionally, research is needed to identify these proposals’ consensus, dissents, and complementarities. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the integration models of the Theory of Constraints and Lean Manufacturing through the Literature Grounded Theory (LGT) approach. The contributions include comparing the integration models, identifying the results achieved, and proposing an integrative model. Another contribution is suggesting activities to implement TOC and Lean Manufacturing synergistically.