The pregnancy period presents distinct challenges for the prescriber. Changes in pharmacokinetics in the mother and the risk of teratogenicity to the foetus mean that prescribing requires close consideration of maternal, foetal and drug specific factors to enable drug safety and efficacy. In urology, these factors must be taken into consideration when treating common conditions such as urinary tract infections (UTI), pyelonephritis, urinary incontinence, renal and ureteral stones, and managing pain.