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This review synthesizes the state of interoperable Energy Management Systems (EMS) and multi-vector flexibility in building clusters, ports, and industrial zones. We cover communication standards (e.g., OpenADR, IEC 61850), semantic models (BRICK, SAREF), control architectures (centralized, hierarchical, federated), and enabling assets (BESS, heat pumps, PtX). We highlight how interoperable EMS orchestrate distributed energy resources, enable demand-side flexibility, and interface with markets. Drawing on EU pilots (e.g., InterConnect, Platone, FlexCoop), we discuss techno-economic trade-offs, regulatory constraints, and lifecycle considerations. This review contributes a cross-domain synthesis spanning technical, regulatory, and socio-economic dimensions; integrates multi-vector flexibility with industrial and port case narratives; foregrounds interoperability testing/certification; and introduces compact synthesis tools. We outline pathways that link standards harmonization, data-driven validation (digital twins), and human-centred adoption to scalable deployment.

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Interoperable Energy Management Systems and Multi-vector Flexibility Control in Building Clusters: Opportunities, Challenges, and Pathways for Scalable Integration

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Amin Hajizadeh,
  • Samira Rahnama,
  • Alireza Afshari

摘要

This review synthesizes the state of interoperable Energy Management Systems (EMS) and multi-vector flexibility in building clusters, ports, and industrial zones. We cover communication standards (e.g., OpenADR, IEC 61850), semantic models (BRICK, SAREF), control architectures (centralized, hierarchical, federated), and enabling assets (BESS, heat pumps, PtX). We highlight how interoperable EMS orchestrate distributed energy resources, enable demand-side flexibility, and interface with markets. Drawing on EU pilots (e.g., InterConnect, Platone, FlexCoop), we discuss techno-economic trade-offs, regulatory constraints, and lifecycle considerations. This review contributes a cross-domain synthesis spanning technical, regulatory, and socio-economic dimensions; integrates multi-vector flexibility with industrial and port case narratives; foregrounds interoperability testing/certification; and introduces compact synthesis tools. We outline pathways that link standards harmonization, data-driven validation (digital twins), and human-centred adoption to scalable deployment.