Geometry-Driven Automatic Placement of IoT Sensors in Digital Twins for Smart Building Energy Management
摘要
Accurate digital representation of sensor locations is essential for the creation of operational digital twins in smart buildings. This paper introduces a geometry-driven method for automatic digital placement of IoT sensors within Building Information Models (BIMs), requiring no semantic metadata or manual annotation. The method analyses the three-dimensional geometry of rooms, walls, and openings to infer plausible and rule-based sensor positions that reflect real-world installation practices. Unlike optimization-based approaches that seek coverage or cost efficiency, the present work focuses on geometry-only reasoning for visual and spatial alignment between physical sensors and their digital counterparts. The algorithm is implemented in a browser-executable environment using three.js, enabling real-time visualization of sensor layouts directly from mesh-based BIMs. Validation in a live office building with more than 300 sensors demonstrates that the computed placements reproduce actual installation patterns for all regular rooms. The results confirm the feasibility of geometry-only methods for automated, metadata-agnostic sensor visualization in digital twin environments supporting energy and indoor climate management.