Facing the trend of extreme water cycle, ecological measures are efficient for water disasters prevention and control, especially the vegetation construction. To understand the research progress of vegetation construction on preventing and mitigating the droughts and floods. This study reviewed the impact of vegetation construction on slope water consumption and flood regulation based on bibliometric visualization analysis of papers published in Web of Science Core Collection and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database. Results show that there are 2127 papers published in English and 452 papers published in Chinese. From the perspective of keyword co-occurrence, they mainly focus on vegetation restoration, climate change, models, drought mitigation, flood control, and so on. Then, we reviewed current research status of slope ecological regulation measures, impact of slope vegetation construction on slope water consumption, and impact of slope vegetation construction on flood regulation capacity. The literature analysis reveals that it is urgent to quantitatively identify the impact of slope vegetation construction on water consumption and flood regulation processes, which benefits the water disaster prevention and mitigation.