Climate change is an unprecedented global problem having far reaching socio-economic consequences which require strong financial policies in both adaptation and mitigation. The chapter examines the changing nature of climate finance, featuring new mechanisms and institutional models of the type that can be used to allow systemic change towards a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy. It discusses how public finance, the investment of the private sector, green bonds, and blended finance can be used to get capital mobilized on a large scale, and evaluates how policies (carbon pricing and climate risk disclosure) optimize sustainable financial behavior. The chapter goes on to discuss obstacles to implementation, including market inefficiencies, regulatory gaps and information asymmetries and derives ways out of these through governance reforms, capacity-building, and cross-border cooperation. Both developed and developing economies case studies offer practical knowledge on effective models of climate finance. This chapter can be relevant to the better comprehension of the role of strategic financial planning in advancing the climate-resilient development and promoting global sustainability goals.