Cyanobacteria, being photosynthetic organisms, use the sun's energy, H2O, and CO2 to synthesize their energy storage components, i.e. carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. These energy storage components form a potential feedstock that can be converted into bioenergy lipids and have the highest energy content, to extract the energy from the lipid fraction, it has to be trans-esterified with a chemical process and the resulting hydrocarbons are subsequently extracted. The hydrocarbons can then be used as transport fuel in the form of biodiesel. The carbohydrates may be transformed to ethanol by fermentation under dark, anoxic conditions while alternatively, with the use of anaerobic digestion, all three fractions can be converted to CH4 gas Cyanobacteria possess unique properties that make them a promising model to transform all these C sources into valuable fuels.