This paper is an Article Review, which aims to analyze and evaluate existing research on analyzes cryptographic algorithms, network security mechanisms, how to provide the expected security services in the network using cryptography, and reviews the importance of cryptography to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of data and see the developments and challenges in this field. A brief concept of the basics of cryptography is presented as plaintext, encryption, and types of keys, cipher text, and Symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods. Developments and challenges in cryptography were highlighted by reviewing articles in multi-level encryption models and comparing encryption algorithms to obtain the best performance. To provide a broader understanding of the evolution of cryptography and the integration of AI in enhancing network security, trying to discover the challenges and future directions of AI in supporting and improving cryptography. As the digital arena expands, securing network communications and information has turned into a necessity. Cryptographic algorithms and network security techniques are the backbone of modern-day cybersecurity, providing the building blocks for information protection, confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. Symmetric techniques like AES and Blowfish and asymmetric techniques like RSA and ECC are used to achieve various measures of security and efficiency, depending on the application environment. But traditional security measures are increasingly confronted with challenges presented by advanced, dynamic cyber-attacks. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a disruptive force that has transformed network security in the context of offering real-time threat detection functionality, proactive defenses, and self-response mechanisms.