The mechanical characteristics of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) when subjected to elevated temperature are affected. The aim of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of cementitious composites after being subjected to high temperatures with variable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber content (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5) vol.%.The target temperatures were 400, 600, and 800 ℃; a set of tests was conducted on ECC specimens, including a compressive strength test, a flexural strength test, and a weight loss test. The results indicate that PVA fibers diminished the chances of explosive spalling in PVA fiber-reinforced cementitious composite (PVA-ECC) samples subjected to elevated temperatures. The compressive strengths of the cubic specimens showed slight increases at 400 ℃; however, elevated temperatures above 400 ℃ caused the melting of fibers to form many pores and channels, leading to a decrement in the strength of the samples. At room temperature, the fibers contributed positively to the mechanical strength of the PVA-ECC samples. In contrast to the compressive strength, the flexural strength decreases at 400 ℃. At 400 ℃, the samples experienced a weight loss below 5%, and at 600–800 ℃, significant weight loss was observed. All specimens of cementitious composites without PVA fibers were exposed to explosive spalling during heating.