Enhancing Thermal Performance in Heat Exchangers Using Nanofluids and Wire Coil Inserts: A Review
摘要
The article reviews the interplay between geometric turbulators (W.C.I.) and suspensions of nanoparticles dispersed in water or ethylene glycol across various flow regimes. The effect of nanofluids and W.C.I was evaluated by knowing the improvement values in thermal performance metrics, including the Nu, f, and overall thermal-hydraulic efficiency in most of the research. Results demonstrated that W.C.I. augments turbulence and destabilizes boundary layers, while nanofluids enhance thermal conductivity and energy transport. The integrated approach offered a 20–50% increase in heat transfer coefficients compared to base fluids in plain tubes. A nanoparticle concentration of 3% was identified to be optimal, as it achieved a balance between augmented heat transfer (e.g., 30% increase in Nu) and manageable ΔP (5–20% higher than the plain tube configuration). At optimal configurations (e.g., lower coil pitch, moderate nanoparticle loading), PEC (Performance Evaluation Criteria) values exceeded 1.3, indicating favorable trade-offs between thermal gain and power. Extended studies about long-term stability nanoparticle sedimentation behavior and economic efficiency should be conducted to enable practical deployment.