The integration of renewable energy resources into the distribution network has recently become a focal point of attention. Distributed Generations (DGs) are being incorporated into power networks to supplement power supply, driven by the rapid expansion of the renewable energy sector. However, this integration introduces complexities to the power network due to variations in fault current levels and types, making the network more challenging to manage and protect. It is crucial to swiftly identify and isolate faults using fast-switching protection devices to minimize disruptions. This research comprehensively reviews protection schemes for smart distribution networks (SDNs) and microgrids, addressing challenges like bidirectional power flow with solutions such as adaptive protection. It explores the protection problem in depth, reviews existing methods including Overcurrent Relay coordination methods. This review aims to aid readers in understanding the interactions within microgrids and potential enhancements to the protection systems.