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This paper presents an ultrasonic distance measuring system using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and an Arduino microcontroller with real-time LED-based visual feedback. The system provides an efficient method for object detection and distance estimation by emitting ultrasonic waves, measuring the time taken for the reflected wave to return, and calculating the distance. A comprehensive analysis of the sensor’s accuracy, environmental dependencies, and performance limitations is presented alongside the implementation details. The system employs a multi-LED indication mechanism where the number of illuminated LEDs corresponds to specific distance ranges, creating an intuitive user interface. This project demonstrates practical applications of embedded systems in proximity detection for robotics, automation, and assistive technologies while incorporating principles of real-time signal processing and sensor calibration. The developed prototype achieved a measurement accuracy of ± 0.3 cm within its optimal range of 2–400 cm, with a response time of less than 60 ms, making it suitable for various real- time applications from automated parking systems to industrial safety monitoring.

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Ultrasonic Distance Detector Using HC-SR04 and Arduino with LED Indication: Design, Implementation and Analysis

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Sameer Mishra,
  • Gerardine Immaculate Mary

摘要

This paper presents an ultrasonic distance measuring system using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and an Arduino microcontroller with real-time LED-based visual feedback. The system provides an efficient method for object detection and distance estimation by emitting ultrasonic waves, measuring the time taken for the reflected wave to return, and calculating the distance. A comprehensive analysis of the sensor’s accuracy, environmental dependencies, and performance limitations is presented alongside the implementation details. The system employs a multi-LED indication mechanism where the number of illuminated LEDs corresponds to specific distance ranges, creating an intuitive user interface. This project demonstrates practical applications of embedded systems in proximity detection for robotics, automation, and assistive technologies while incorporating principles of real-time signal processing and sensor calibration. The developed prototype achieved a measurement accuracy of ± 0.3 cm within its optimal range of 2–400 cm, with a response time of less than 60 ms, making it suitable for various real- time applications from automated parking systems to industrial safety monitoring.