Photoaging is a significant societal issue that increasingly affects individuals’ quality of life, particularly their emotional well-being and social interactions. This review examines the effectiveness of topical vitamins in addressing the signs of photoaging, such as wrinkles, reduced skin hydration, and rough skin texture. A thorough search of three established databases was conducted to identify eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Ultimately, ten RCTs involving 1,966 participants were included in the analysis. Among these, eight studies focused on the effects of topical vitamin A, while one each examined vitamins B3 and C. Unfortunately, no RCTs involving topical vitamins D and E met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. The findings indicated that topical vitamin A significantly improved photoaged skin features compared with placebo. A meta-analysis of three relevant trials showed a statistically significant reduction in fine wrinkles, with a mean difference of 1.92 score and a 95% confidence interval of (0.39–3.45). The evidence was assessed to have moderate certainty based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Although both topical vitamins B3 and C showed similar outcomes, the limited number of RCTs available warrants caution in interpreting these results. Our review emphasises the need for more well-conducted RCTs to provide reliable evidence for the use of topical vitamins in the management of photoaging.