Rapid technological improvements and increased consumption have made electronic garbage, or “e-waste,” one of the waste streams with the greatest rate of growth in the world. Significant environmental contamination and health risks result from improper e-waste disposal and recycling, especially in developing nations. This review paper thoroughly examines the global impact of e-waste through case studies from South Africa, Ghana, Nigeria, Rwanda, and the European Union. It clearly outlines the significant challenges and the notable progress achieved in managing e-waste through regulation, innovation, and international cooperation. Findings show that despite the economic benefits of e-waste, many people are at risk of negative health consequences due to poverty, a lack of education, and lax rules. Even though the movement of e-waste outside Europe is outlawed today, according to various sources, illicit European e-waste has been identified in African and Asian countries. Most African countries still lack the proper e-waste laws necessary for efficient e-waste management. European Union has the best e-waste management system while Rwanda can serve as the model for Africa. In areas where e-waste is dumped, informal recycling appears to be the rule. Even in regions where the regulations have been enforced, illegal imports and behaviours continue. Immediate and effective action is required to reduce the adverse effects of e-waste and move toward sustainable practices for electronic consumption and recycling. Urgent effort is necessary to reduce the adverse effects of e-waste and shift toward more sustainable technology usage and recycling methods.