AI that can be used to generate new images is leading to better ways to diagnose and control challenges related to Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and other neurodegenerative illnesses. Here, we discuss different generative AI methods and explain why they are crucial for changes in the field of medical imaging. They help produce detailed artificial images, boost image quality, restore incomplete data, and represent disease changes, which promotes fast and proper diagnosis of cognitive problems. The introduction of generative AIs into radiology has been encouraging on the fronts of improving diagnosis sharpness, reducing the burden of duties by clinicians, and enhancing training of machine learning models with additional data. Besides, the chapter examines a range of recent topics in AI applied to healthcare such as multimodal learning, explainable AI, federated learning, and digital twins, and this set of topics renders individualized medicine and timely online decision-making possible in medicine. According to this chapter generative AI is one of the factors in the development of cognitive disease diagnostics.