Balancing Innovation and Risk: Safety Assessment of Smart Aviation Technologies
摘要
This paper examines the safety implications of emerging technologies in aviation, focusing on three increasingly implemented concepts: Maintenance 4.0, Smart Airports, and Remote Virtual Towers. Each of these integrates digital technologies such as IoT, big data, and AI into critical aspects of air transport operations. While these innovations offer opportunities for increased efficiency and operational control, they also introduce new technical and human-factor risks. The research applies a structured risk assessment methodology, identifying key hazards and evaluating them based on likelihood and severity using a risk matrix. For each risk, mitigation strategies are proposed, and residual risk is re-evaluated to assess the effectiveness of the measures. Results show that with appropriate technical and organizational countermeasures such as sensor redundancy, network upgrades, and advanced staff training, most risks can be reduced to tolerable or acceptable levels. The paper argues that innovation and safety management must progress in parallel, and that a deeper understanding of risk is essential when deploying smart technologies in aviation logistics and infrastructure. The findings contribute to current debates around the integration of digital systems in transport and are intended to support airport operators, technology providers, and regulatory authorities in fostering a safety-oriented innovation culture. Results indicate that most initial risks rated intolerable or tolerable were reduced to acceptable levels through targeted mitigation.