This chapter describes Switzerland’s linguistic landscape, beginning with an overview of its four national languages and the growing presence of English and heritage languages. It shows how historical narratives and national identity have been closely tied to the notion of stable linguistic regions, even as contemporary demographic realities complicate this picture. Census data and sociolinguistic studies reveal a gradual diversification of linguistic repertoires and a decline in the dominance of traditional national languages. Yet, this new diversity remains only marginally reflected in policy. The chapter also examines how linguistic identity has been entwined with federalism, imagined communities, and symbolic cohesion. The contrast between official multilingualism and the monolingual orientation of daily life becomes clear: most Swiss residents remain functionally monolingual within their linguistic regions, while English increasingly bridges regional boundaries. The chapter concludes by noting that Switzerland’s linguistic conditions must be understood as demographic facts as well as the outcome of centuries of political, legal, and cultural negotiation.