Introduction
摘要
Nigeria’s political journey is incomplete without deep reflection on the historical antecedents and the vicissitudes that heralded the Fourth Republic (1999-date), an enduring democratic practice that has outperformed and lasted longer than all three previous attempts in the First, Second, and Aborted Third Republics. The Fourth Republic (1999-date) was not born out of a vacuum or by accident; rather, it is the painstaking result of decades of struggles, movements, and sustained pressure from various actors, culminating in the military’s surrender of power to civilian rulers after many years of control. Nigeria is one of the few countries in the world that has experienced political turmoil since its inception (Maier, 2002). Less than half a decade after political independence, the country plunged into a crisis of bloody coups that thwarted early efforts to democratise (Diamond, 1988). This unfortunate event led to a counter-coup, which ended in a violent Civil War (1967–1970) (Stremlau, 2015). This was the foundation of political conflict and democratic suppression in the country for many decades before the emergence of the Fourth Republic (1999-date), a period regarded as the best moment in Nigeria’s democratic history.