In order to understand resource nationalism, particularly with respect to the case studies, it is essential to grasp the components that make up the framework. Hence, the concepts that will be reviewed in this chapter will be the notion of the state, nations, nationalism, and ethnicity. Each notion will be gauged and covered with its relationship towards resource nationalism, which will in turn reflect applicability to the case studies. Terminology will be then clarified for the purposes of the research project following the revision of all models. A final description of measuring the resource nationalism framework in the case studies will be presented as well.