The role of a market maker is to simultaneously offer to buy and sell quantities of goods, often a financial asset such as a share, at specified prices. An automated market maker (AMM) is a mechanism that offers to trade according to some predetermined schedule; the best choice of this schedule depends on the market maker’s goals. The literature on the design of AMMs has mainly focused on prediction markets with the goal of information elicitation. More recent work motivated by DeFi has focused instead on the goal of profit maximization, but considering only a single type of good (traded with a numeraire), including under adverse selection (Milionis et al. 2022). Optimal market making in the presence of multiple goods, including the possibility of complex bundling behavior, is not well understood. In this paper, we show that finding an optimal market maker is dual to an optimal transport problem, with specific geometric constraints on the transport plan in the dual. We show that optimal mechanisms for multiple goods and under adverse selection take advantage of bundling, including trades in which different goods are both bought and sold. We also present conjectures of optimal mechanisms in additional settings which show further complex behavior, and in some cases use an LP to empirically bound their optimality. From a methodological perspective, we make essential use of the tools of differentiable economics to learn mechanisms, and make use of these tools in guiding theoretical investigations.

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Optimal Automated Market Makers: Differentiable Economics and Strong Duality

  • Michael J. Curry,
  • Zhou Fan,
  • David Parkes

摘要

The role of a market maker is to simultaneously offer to buy and sell quantities of goods, often a financial asset such as a share, at specified prices. An automated market maker (AMM) is a mechanism that offers to trade according to some predetermined schedule; the best choice of this schedule depends on the market maker’s goals. The literature on the design of AMMs has mainly focused on prediction markets with the goal of information elicitation. More recent work motivated by DeFi has focused instead on the goal of profit maximization, but considering only a single type of good (traded with a numeraire), including under adverse selection (Milionis et al. 2022). Optimal market making in the presence of multiple goods, including the possibility of complex bundling behavior, is not well understood. In this paper, we show that finding an optimal market maker is dual to an optimal transport problem, with specific geometric constraints on the transport plan in the dual. We show that optimal mechanisms for multiple goods and under adverse selection take advantage of bundling, including trades in which different goods are both bought and sold. We also present conjectures of optimal mechanisms in additional settings which show further complex behavior, and in some cases use an LP to empirically bound their optimality. From a methodological perspective, we make essential use of the tools of differentiable economics to learn mechanisms, and make use of these tools in guiding theoretical investigations.