In view of the limitations of the traditional Grey correlation algorithm in the selection of students’ professional literacy evaluation direction, a research scheme of literacy evaluation and practice based on whale algorithm was proposed. Firstly, the influencing factors were accurately located through the theory of behavioral evolution, and the indicators were reasonably divided to reduce interference, and the whale algorithm was used to construct a literacy evaluation and practice research program. Experimental results show that under certain evaluation criteria, the proposed scheme is superior to the traditional Grey correlation algorithm in terms of accuracy of literacy evaluation and practical research, and processing time of influencing factors, and has obvious advantages. Literacy evaluation and practice research play an extremely important role in students’ professional literacy, which can accurately predict and optimize the growth characteristics and product generation of students’ professional literacy. However, the traditional grey correlation algorithm has certain limitations in solving the simulation problem of literacy evaluation, especially when dealing with complex problems. In this paper, this paper proposes a research scheme on literacy evaluation and practice based on whale algorithm to better solve this problem. The scheme accurately locates the influencing factors through the behavioral evolution theory, so as to determine the division of indicators, and uses the whale algorithm to construct the scheme. Experimental results show that under certain evaluation criteria, the accuracy and speed of the scheme is significantly improved for different problems, and it has better performance. Therefore, the simulation scheme based on whale algorithm can better solve the limitations of the traditional Grey correlation algorithm and improve the simulation accuracy and efficiency in the selection of students’ professional quality evaluation direction.