While network retrieval plays a crucial role in P2P educational materials, the issue of resource duplication and abundance is a major concern. When it comes to peer-to-peer (P2P) educational resource network retrieval, the C/S paradigm is inadequate and the search is incomplete. Consequently, in order to discover and improve pathways for network retrieval analysis, an ant colony technique is suggested. To start, educational materials are studied through the lens of network theory, and indicators are categorized according to network retrieval needs in order to minimize interference concerns. The next step is to construct a network retrieval scheme using P2P educational materials that are retrieved by the network fundamental theory. The search results are then thoroughly analyzed. The ant colony technique outperforms C/S mode in terms of network identification accuracy and network retrieval time for P2P educational materials, according to MATLAB simulations conducted under specific research conditions.