This chapter introduces the central idea of this book: the Nature and Technology Intrinsic Value Spectrum. It begins by identifying a convergence of 21st-century political questions—spanning debates on Artificial General Intelligence, human enhancement, geoengineering, environmental policy, de-extinction, and synthetic biology—which share no common thread within conventional political discourse. It argues that while these issues contain layers of economic, social, and human welfare considerations, they are fundamentally united by visceral, principled reactions concerning the intrinsic value (or disvalue) placed on the natural world and on technological endeavor. The chapter formalizes this observation into a core claim: the existence of a new political spectrum orthogonal to the traditional economic and social liberty axes. This spectrum features an intrinsic value for Nature (or Naturalness) at one end and an intrinsic value for Technology (or Technological Endeavor) at the other, proposing that conflicts between these intrinsic values provide strong, distinct reasons for action. This structural tension is a timeless feature of political disagreement, tracing its historical roots to the Enlightenment’s ethos of mastery and the Romantic critique of natural boundaries. Through contemporary examples from public policy and ethical debate—including marine conservation, the “unnaturalness critique” of geoengineering, the divergence in sentiment toward humanoid robotics, and the pro-human bias in appraising AI art—the chapter substantiates the necessity of this new model for a comprehensive, descriptive political understanding.