This chapter synthesizes strategic lessons for Vietnam’s economic diplomacy (ED) by comparing the experiences of major Asian developing countries and leading developed economies in the post-COVID-19 era (2020–2024). It identifies a global pivot towards economic security, strategic autonomy, and digital/green transformation. From these observations, the chapter derives a comprehensive set of policy recommendations for Vietnam, emphasizing the need for proactive, specialized, and practical ED. The central argument is that ED must transition from merely being a tool for external engagement to becoming the chief architect of national economic resilience and high-quality development, focusing on attracting knowledge-intensive capital, enhancing endogenous capacity, and aligning Vietnam’s national brand with global sustainability standards. The framework culminates in an orientation aligned with the 13th National Party Congress Resolution, aiming for a “proactive and comprehensive economic diplomacy that serves development.”