This chapter undertakes a detailed examination and comparative analysis of the economic diplomacy (ED) strategies employed by four major developed European economies—the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, and Norway—during and in the immediate aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2024). It investigates how these nations leveraged their respective institutional strengths, such as the U.K.’s post-Brexit global trade agenda, Germany’s core role in the EU, Denmark’s green transition leadership, and Norway’s sovereign wealth management, to navigate global supply chain disruptions, energy crises, and intensifying geopolitical fragmentation. The analysis reveals a common strategic shift toward prioritizing economic security and resilience alongside commitments to sustainability. The chapter concludes with a general assessment of the collective achievements, limitations, and emerging trends in European ED, emphasizing the integration of industrial policy with foreign policy to secure strategic autonomy in critical sectors.