This chapter provides a comprehensive examination of Vietnam’s economic diplomacy (ED) during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing its strategic orientation, practical implementation, and lessons learned for future policymaking. Drawing from national data, official government documents, and international comparative analyses, it highlights how Vietnam’s economic diplomacy evolved from traditional trade and investment promotion to a multidimensional framework encompassing vaccine, green, digital diplomacy, and technology diplomacy. The chapter situates Vietnam’s approach within global and regional economic transformations, emphasizing resilience, adaptability, and innovation in foreign policy practice. Ultimately, Vietnam’s experience demonstrates how a developing country can mobilize diplomatic tools to mitigate crisis impacts, accelerate recovery, and advance sustainable development in a volatile world.