As global energy demand grows, the efficient exploration and development of oil and gas resources have become a core issue in the industry. Traditional methods for exploring and developing oil and gas rely on geologists’ experience and statistical models, which are characterized by low efficiency and high uncertainty. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, through machine learning and deep learning, have significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of oil and gas resource exploration and development. This article systematically discusses five dimensions: the construction of big data platforms, intelligent interpretation of seismic data, intelligent inversion of logging parameters, optimization of three-dimensional reservoir modeling, and intelligent calculation of resource volumes. By combining typical application cases from both domestic and international sources with quantitative analysis data, it summarizes the application framework of AI in oil and gas resource exploration and development. In the future, the integration of AI with physical models, small-sample learning techniques, big data technologies, and interdisciplinary collaborative innovation will be key areas of development.