This chapter analyzes the dismantling of Brazil’s Bolsa Família Program from 2016 through the end of Jair Bolsonaro’s administration. Using interviews, participant observation, and documentary analysis, it shows how a flagship, rights-based conditional cash transfer was gradually hollowed out rather than formally terminated. Successive governments first deployed fiscal austerity and technocratic narratives about “fine-tuning targeting” to justify cuts and stronger control over the Single Registry. Under Bolsonaro, dismantling intensified through arena shifting (relocating registry management and reframing it as an instrument of control), default strategies (chronic underfunding of the Unified Social Assistance System and de facto suspension of conditionalities), symbolic rebranding (from Bolsa Família to Auxílio Brasil), and active design changes that distorted targeting and weakened intersectoral coordination. The chapter also highlights bureaucratic resistance and institutional resilience, showing how technical cadres and existing architectures limited more radical changes or even its termination while leaving behind a program that survived in form but was profoundly eroded in substance.