Towards Net-Zero Emissions: The Utopia of Demand Side Management and Challenges for the Smart Grid
摘要
This paper examines the essential problem of balancing demand with the intermittent production of renewable energy sources. Traditionally, one of the most standardized approaches for balancing the electrical grid is using smart grid technologies for demand side management, thus offering incentives to consumers to shift their energy consumption to times of abundant energy production and reduced overall demand. However, this method has significant limitations, both in the number of loads that can be shifted and the willingness of consumers to shift their consumption or to relinquish control to automated tools and centralized control (such as direct load control). The introduction of electric vehicles in ever increasing numbers could alleviate the problem or aggravate it, depending on the times that such EV charging may take place. We argue that all mitigation approaches to enable DSM, thus balancing the grid, have definite unresolved shortcomings.