Designing Offline Payment Systems for CBDCs: Insights from a Multi-year Literature Review
摘要
The global financial landscape is undergoing a transformative shift with the emergence of digital assets, particularly Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). To ensure that CBDCs serve as a viable alternative or replacement to physical cash, enabling robust offline payment features will serve as a strategic consideration to influence the asset’s development and adoption. This paper investigates offline payments in the context of CBDCs by conducting a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and collecting academic studies pertaining to the topic of interest via six databases. A total of 13 academic papers were considered for inclusion from a total of 288 articles identified through the databases. The results highlight the potential of offline payments for CBDCs to extend digital financial services to underserved and rural regions. However, the implementation involves critical considerations for accessibility, security, and regulatory compliance.