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This study presents the design, simulation, and performance evaluation of a 1×4 circular array antenna optimized for 2.25 GHz S-band operation. The antenna is implemented on an FR-4 substrate and analyzed using ANSYS HFSS to assess essential performance metrics, such as return loss, VSWR, and gain. The proposed array achieves a maximum gain of 7.2 dB, a return loss of −23.77 dB, and a VSWR of 1.12, demonstrating excellent impedance matching and low signal reflection. Comparative analysis with single-element and 1×2 array configurations reveals a 57% improvement in gain and over 130% enhancement in return loss, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed design. The configuration maintains a compact, low-cost structure while offering high radiation efficiency and stable directional performance. Owing to these characteristics, the antenna is appropriate for S-band wireless communication applications such as telemetry, WLAN, radar, and satellite systems.

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Design Development and Performance Analysis of 1×4 Circular Array Antennas

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • J. Keerthana,
  • R. Thilagavathy,
  • Rajendra R. Patil

摘要

This study presents the design, simulation, and performance evaluation of a 1×4 circular array antenna optimized for 2.25 GHz S-band operation. The antenna is implemented on an FR-4 substrate and analyzed using ANSYS HFSS to assess essential performance metrics, such as return loss, VSWR, and gain. The proposed array achieves a maximum gain of 7.2 dB, a return loss of −23.77 dB, and a VSWR of 1.12, demonstrating excellent impedance matching and low signal reflection. Comparative analysis with single-element and 1×2 array configurations reveals a 57% improvement in gain and over 130% enhancement in return loss, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed design. The configuration maintains a compact, low-cost structure while offering high radiation efficiency and stable directional performance. Owing to these characteristics, the antenna is appropriate for S-band wireless communication applications such as telemetry, WLAN, radar, and satellite systems.