In the last two decades, energy policymaking has needed to confront the former requirements of security, accessibility, and affordability, but also concerns about climate, environmental sustainability, and justice. Since energy consumption is responsible for over 80% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it is at the forefront of the climate debate. In this opening discussion, we examine the 2015 Paris Agreement, the current international instrument on climate, and the implications for future energy policymaking. The Paris Agreement will have profound impacts as the energy system along with associated socioeconomic structures evolves. Finally, this discussion lays out the structure of the remainder of this book which includes case studies on energy policymaking in 19 countries.