Slate has been mined in open-pit quarries and underground mines. The different methods of exploitation and common terms are explained in this chapter. Before mining begins, geoscientific exploration and a mining plan has to be established. The chapter describes the steps within the geological investigation, leading to a geological model as a prerequisite for a subsequent rock mass classification (RMR, GSI) and a final geotechnical model of the slate deposit. Rock failures and related geotechnical safety aspects during mining of the slate deposit are defined. The investigation is completed by the explanation and illustration of the stress distribution and rock-mechanical behaviour of the planned excavations which are crucial for mine stability. Two examples for room and pillar design of underground mines are introduced. These explanations are accompanied by the description of failure criteria such as the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and the Hoek-Brown failure criterion. These criteria assume a rock-mechanically isotropic rock and since slate is a rock-mechanically anisotropic rock, the Ubiquitous-Joint Model is applied. Mining of slate is followed by the more or less immediate production of different slate products, mostly of roofing slate. The production ranges from a very basic and simple manner to a production with automats or by means of robots with few manpower involved only. The various steps, different techniques and important factors of the roofing slate production are introduced. Besides roofing slate, also the production of crushed slate and expanded slate are explained.