Deep-sea mining represents a strategic frontier for addressing the bottleneck of terrestrial mineral resources, with its technological advancements consistently targeting the breakthrough of engineering constraints in extreme marine environments. The deep seabed hosts three primary types of key minerals: polymetallic nodules, cobalt-rich crusts, and polymetallic sulfides. The varying forms of occurrence of these minerals impose distinct technical demands on mining equipment. Over more than six decades, global deep-sea mining technology has evolved significantly, transitioning from early bucket-chain-based extensive methods to a sophisticated piped integrated system. This modern system integrates intelligent mining vehicles and multi-stage hydraulic lifting systems. The current technical framework has surpassed the sea trial verification phase and is progressing toward industrial-scale application. Future technological innovations will prioritize green, safe, intelligent, normative and sustainable mining practices, advancing deep-sea mining from isolated breakthroughs to a comprehensive paradigm of efficient full-system collaboration, thereby opening a new chapter in the engineering and technological development of marine resource utilization for humanity.