In order to study the overall destabilization mechanism of the coal pillar generated by the intersection of deep shafts, a mechanical estimation model under the synergistic deformation of ‘coal pillar-roof plate’ was established by taking the coal pillar generated by the cutting of the intersection roadway at the level of 980 in Shandong Xinhe Mine as the background of the project, and by investigating the characteristics of the evolution of the stress in the coal pillar under the synergistic deformation of ‘coal pillar-roof plate’, a preliminary mechanical criterion was obtained. By studying the stress evolution characteristics of coal pillar under the control of ‘coal pillar-roof plate’ concerted deformation, the mechanical estimation model under ‘coal pillar-roof plate’ concerted deformation is established, and the mechanical criterion of coal pillar instability is obtained initially. The study shows that: 1) under the superposition of large mining depth, overburden rock subsidence clamping and other factors, the coal pillar ruptures due to being in the creep state for a long time, and its platform-type stress distribution is the main sign that the coal pillar is in the critical instability; 2) under the action of high stress, the coal pillar of the deep shaft guarding lane produces creep deformation and the elastic core area is constantly corroded, and the impact of instability is easy to be induced once the elastic core area of the pillar decreases to the critical width; 3) the impact of the Factor analysis shows that the average stress of deep shaft coal pillar is proportional to the axial load on the roof plate and the elastic modulus of the coal body, and inversely proportional to the width of the coal pillar. The research results have certain guiding significance for the prevention and control of deep coal pillar type impact ground pressure.