Unlike visible light, ultraviolet rays, infra-red rays, radio waves and microwaves that are non—ionizing radiation, gamma ( \(\gamma\) ) rays, \(x\) —rays, alpha ( \(\alpha\) ) particle and beta ( \(\beta\) ) particle are classified as ionizing radiation. Although alpha and beta particles are not photons, gamma rays and \(x\) —rays are electromagnetic photons with shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than non—ionizing radiation. Due to the shorter wavelength of gamma rays, they possess very high energy and are unaffected by magnetic and electric fields in their path. Gamma rays among alpha and beta particles have the lowest ionizing effect but the highest penetrating effect/power, reaching about 100 m through air and 0.5 m through lead and iron. External and internal exposure through terrestrial, and cosmic sources and through inhalation of aerosol and dust particles from air are the two major pathways of exposure to gamma rays. Acute and chronic radiation health effects may occur as a result of exposure to gamma ray energies. Due to high penetrating powers, gamma rays can cause radiation sickness under acute condition, damage intestinal organs, bone marrow, cause neurological effects, genetic mutations and increase the risk of developing cancer particularly solid tumors such as lung, breast and colon cancer under chronic condition. However, effective radiation protection measures including shielding made from dense materials (concrete and lead), increasing distances from the radiation sources, limiting the time of exposure to gamma radiation and wearing personal protective equipment can be employed to minimize exposure to gamma radiation from pure gamma emitters, alpha—gamma emitters or beta gamma emitters.