Neoliberalism
摘要
This chapter charts the collapse of Keynesian social democracies and the attendant period of stagflation, followed by the rise of neoliberalism, the system of political economy that has proven most adept at pursuing ruthless zero-sum games posing as win–win ones. While replacing Keynesianism, neoliberalism confronted communism. The USSR itself eventually collapsed under the weight of its own politico-economic contradictions, and the constituents of the communist bloc either fragmented and/or went bankrupt, often off the back of zero-sum struggles amongst themselves. This enabled the consolidation of TINA (the myth that “There Is No Alternative” to neoliberal political economy), the (in)famous postulation of the End of History and the standardization of neoliberalism. The technocratic principles of this era promised benefits for all, but the technocratic myth of global free markets and free trade has basically meant free rein of the wealthy at the zero-sum expense of the poor. In the final analysis, neoliberalism did not represent a tide that lifted all boats but the most aggressive form of trickle-down disaster capitalism, accumulating capital for the few at the zero-sum expense of the many and the environment. The increasing financial speculation which this situation engendered eventually culminated in the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2008.