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In the pursuit of global net-zero emissions, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in climate governance. This chapter explores how AI technologies are being strategically deployed by governments to support climate action and sustainability. Specifically, it examines AI’s role in enhancing emissions transparency, optimizing energy systems, and improving climate risk forecasting. Through a comprehensive analysis of AI-driven applications such as emissions monitoring, smart grid optimization, carbon pricing, and fraud detection in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures, the chapter highlights the potential and challenges of AI in achieving climate goals. Case studies such as Climate TRACE’s real-time emissions tracking (Climate TRACE Coalition, Global facility-level GHG emissions inventory, 2024) and India’s integration of AI in renewable energy grid management (MNRE, AI forecasting pilots for Indian renewable grids, 2025) illustrate the practical applications of AI in climate governance. The chapter further investigates the ethical and operational risks associated with AI deployment, including data biases, the carbon footprint of AI models, and issues related to data sovereignty. The results suggest that while AI offers significant benefits, such as improved emissions tracking and more efficient resource management, its deployment must be accompanied by robust regulatory frameworks and transparent governance practices (AI & Governance Studies, Risks of black-box AI in legal contexts, 2025). The chapter concludes by proposing strategies for enabling responsible AI adoption in public governance, advocating for global cooperation, cross-border data sharing, and inclusive digital infrastructure (UNEP, Steering AI for climate goals: pathways and priorities, United Nations Environment Programme, 2024). Ultimately, it frames AI not only as a technological tool but as an essential enabler of equitable, transparent, and future-ready climate governance systems that align with international climate goals and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (World Bank, AI analytics for climate and energy decision-support, 2025).

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AI in the Age of Net-Zero Governance: Building Climate-Intelligent Public Systems

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Archit Ojha

摘要

In the pursuit of global net-zero emissions, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in climate governance. This chapter explores how AI technologies are being strategically deployed by governments to support climate action and sustainability. Specifically, it examines AI’s role in enhancing emissions transparency, optimizing energy systems, and improving climate risk forecasting. Through a comprehensive analysis of AI-driven applications such as emissions monitoring, smart grid optimization, carbon pricing, and fraud detection in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures, the chapter highlights the potential and challenges of AI in achieving climate goals. Case studies such as Climate TRACE’s real-time emissions tracking (Climate TRACE Coalition, Global facility-level GHG emissions inventory, 2024) and India’s integration of AI in renewable energy grid management (MNRE, AI forecasting pilots for Indian renewable grids, 2025) illustrate the practical applications of AI in climate governance. The chapter further investigates the ethical and operational risks associated with AI deployment, including data biases, the carbon footprint of AI models, and issues related to data sovereignty. The results suggest that while AI offers significant benefits, such as improved emissions tracking and more efficient resource management, its deployment must be accompanied by robust regulatory frameworks and transparent governance practices (AI & Governance Studies, Risks of black-box AI in legal contexts, 2025). The chapter concludes by proposing strategies for enabling responsible AI adoption in public governance, advocating for global cooperation, cross-border data sharing, and inclusive digital infrastructure (UNEP, Steering AI for climate goals: pathways and priorities, United Nations Environment Programme, 2024). Ultimately, it frames AI not only as a technological tool but as an essential enabler of equitable, transparent, and future-ready climate governance systems that align with international climate goals and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (World Bank, AI analytics for climate and energy decision-support, 2025).