Laboratory animals represent in vivo models applicable for biomedical research. Compared to other types of models, they represent the most complex biological models used for experimental research. There are many models of neurodegenerative diseases based on various principles including mutant and genetically engineered organisms. In this chapter, the most important species of laboratory animals, their features and the main applications for neurodegenerative disease research are discussed. General advantages and limitations of animal models are also considered.