Among other indicators of a ‘red’ threat perception, the National Security Concept of Estonia identifies Russia as the greatest security threat facing the country and places a high priority on military defence. Strong political and societal consensus on these issues underpins Estonia’s pursuit of an ambitious and expensive defence policy. Estonia believes that the EU, in its response to Russia’s full-scale war in Ukraine, has proved its potential value as a defence capacity builder. However, it remains generally sceptical about the EU’s defence role, for which NATO and U.S. engagement remain essential.