This chapter highlights the essential role of advocacy in surgical training and practice, emphasizing that surgeons must engage beyond the operating room to address systemic- and community-level factors influencing health. It explores how surgical residents can integrate advocacy into their daily practice through institutional involvement, community engagement, and policy influence. Topics include the impact of social determinants of health (SDOH), the importance of diverse and inclusive training environments, and practical strategies for effective advocacy, such as public speaking, storytelling, and leveraging social media. This chapter also examines how professional societies and mentorship can support advocacy efforts and underscores the need for alignment between physician advocates and healthcare leadership. By embracing advocacy as a core professional responsibility, surgical trainees and faculty alike can drive meaningful changes that improve patient outcomes, advance health equity, and shape the future of the healthcare system.