This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of the sensory and motor components of vision, emphasizing the intricate coordination between visual perception and ocular movement. It delves into the implications of color vision deficiencies, as well as the eye’s sensitivity to low-light environments, which is crucial for night vision and adaptation. The mechanics of eye movements—including saccades, microsaccades, and smooth pursuit—are analyzed for their roles in tracking and stabilizing visual targets. Additionally, this chapter examines nystagmus and binocular vision, highlighting their contributions to image stability and depth perception. Together, these elements underscore the remarkable complexity, precision, and adaptability of the human visual system in processing and responding to constantly changing visual stimuli.