The determination of wave pressures and forces on vertical surfaces such as walls or breakwaters constitute some of the most important problems encountered in coastal and ocean engineering. Naturally, when considering the design of structures for coastal resilience, a method to compute the forces exerted on coastal structures with vertical facades resulting from waves exhibiting different characteristics is paramount. In this context, we are mainly interested in three types of waves: (1) nonbreaking, (2) breaking, and (3) broken. This chapter will introduce both historical and modern methods that can be used to estimate the pressures and forces produced by such waves on wall-type structures.