Calls to reform the police profession have persisted since the 1960s. Across the last seven decades, public demands have included enhanced police-community engagement, effective crime control measures, increased professional standards, the prioritization of public trust and confidence in the police, and improved relations with minority communities. Many police departments in the United States have implemented a plethora of policy modifications, including community policing and efforts to institutionalize leadership across all ranks. The most sensational and effective reorganization efforts were implemented by the New York City Police Department in 1994, when the transition was made to real time crime analysis and the strategic deployment of personnel to crime and disorder hotspots. As a direct result, impressive crime reduction has continued for over two decades in New York City, many urban centers in the United States, and other cities across the globe. This chapter will examine the specific initiatives that have notably enhanced police service delivery and resulted in effective crime and violence control.