As is well known, AI has enormous potential in education. When considering this specifically in relation to science education, a detailed examination of AI’s role in education—its advantages and challenges—will provide insight for future work. Here, AI offers a perspective on its long-term possibilities in education, and specifically in science education, including personalized learning environments, monitoring student development and providing feedback, data-driven assessment, experiential science learning, and redefining the role of teachers. In addition, it addresses the challenges encountered in AI integration, including ethical and privacy issues, teacher competencies and training, and situations related to inequality and access. The information in this section may enable teachers, education administrators, and policymakers to create opportunities to enhance science teaching and learning through AI.