The second quarter of the twenty-first century is defined as a period in which AI technologies have initiated a fundamental transformation in education. This transformation is reshaping teacher roles, learning environments, and pedagogical approaches, particularly in areas such as science education that require conceptual depth, inquiry-based learning, and interdisciplinary thinking. This book brings together original studies that address the integration of AI into science education at both theoretical and practical levels. Its primary aim is to prepare prospective science teachers for the digital transformation at the K–12 level, equip them with AI literacy, and guide them in designing ethical, inclusive, and inquiry-based teaching environments.