Soil erosion becomes a critical environmental challenge, threatening agricultural productivity, food security, and ecosystem health globally. This chapter has explained a range of traditional and modern control techniques that aimed at mitigating soil erosion, emphasizing the role of indigenous knowledge and conservation agriculture. Conservation agriculture works on principles such as minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation that provide sustainable soil management practices for reducing erosion and enhancing soil health. The significance of indigenous farming systems which includes the use of mulching with local materials, traditional rainwater harvesting techniques, and site-specific landscape management strategies such as terracing, bunding, and agroforestry are also provided. A special focus is placed on the integration of biodiversity and floriculture practices into conservation agriculture. The incorporation of relative plant species not only improves soil stability and microclimate regulation but also supports pollinators and beneficial organisms crucial for ecological balance. Related studies from different agro-ecological zones in India, such as the Zabo and Apatani systems explained successful indigenous models that promote resilience against climate variability and land degradation. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the socio-economic and ecological benefits of reviving indigenous practices, addressing challenges to native plant resources. It advocates for the documentation, validation, and integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) into modern scientific and policy frameworks. Bridging traditional wisdom with contemporary conservation science, this chapter highlights the need for holistic, locally adapted, and climate-resilient soil erosion control strategies for sustainable agriculture.